list Abandonment
  The right a marine assured has to abandon property in order to establish a constructive total loss. An underwriter is not obliged to accept abandonment, but if he does he accepts responsibility for the property and liabilities attaching thereto, in addition to being liable for the full sum insured.
   
list ABI – (Automated Broker Interface)
  A computer system that allows a Customs Broker to interface directly with U.S. Customs’ computer system.
   
list Acceptance of Goods
  The process of receiving a consignment from a consignor, usually against the issue of a receipt. As from this moment and on this place the carrier’s responsibility for the consignment begins.
   
list Account Party
  The buyer under a letter of credit. The party ultimately responsible for reimbursing the issuing bank for all payments extended on its behalf.
   
list Act of God
  Accidents of a nature beyond human control such as flood, lightning or hurricane usually quoted as ‘force majeure’.
   
list Ad Valorem
  In proportion to the value: A phrase applied to certain freight or customs duties levied on goods, property, etc. set as a percentage of their value.
   
list Advice Note
  A written piece of information e.g. about the status of the goods.
   
list Affreightment
  A contract to carry goods by ship. Charter-parties and Bills of Lading are contracts of affreightment
   
list After Sight
  When a draft bears this phrase, the time begins to run from its acceptance date.
   
list Agency Fee
  Fee payable by a ship owner or ship operator to a port agent.
   
list Agent
  A person or organization authorized to act for or on behalf of another person or organization
  An Agent is a corporate body with, which there is an agreement to perform particular functions on behalf of them at an agreed payment. An Agent is either a part of the organisation or an independent body.
   
list AGR Imports
  American goods returned.
   
list Air Waybill
  Abbreviation: AWB
A document made out by or on behalf of the carrier(s) confirming receipt of the goods by the carrier and evidencing the contract between the shipper and the carrier(s) for the carriage of goods as described therein.
   
list Allotment
  A share of the capacity of a means of transport assigned to a certain party, e.g. a carrier or an agent, for the purpose of the booking of cargo for a specific voyage.
   
list All-in
  A freight quotation including all charges, often in one lump sum rather than broken down.
   
list All-risk Insurance
  The broadest form of coverage available, providing protection against all risk of physical loss or damage from any external cause. Does not cover loss or damage due to delay, inherent vice, inadequate packaging, or loss of market.
   
list American Bureau of Shipping
  Abbreviation: ABS
American classification society which has established rules and regulations for the classification of seagoing vessels or equipment
   
list Antidumping Duty
  A duty assessed on imported merchandise that is subject to an antidumping duty order. The antidumping duty is assessed on an entry-by-entry basis in an amount equal to the difference between the United States price of that entry and the foreign market value of such or similar merchandise at the time the merchandise was sold to the United States.
   
list Arbitration
  The process of referring to an agreed person for judgement on issues of dispute, without requiring the use of courts.
   
list Arrival Date
  The date on which goods or a means of transport is due to arrive at the delivery site of the transport.
   
list Arrival Notice
  A notice sent by a carrier to a nominated notify party advising of the arrival of a certain shipment or consignment.
   
list Assignment
  The transfer of certain rights from one party to another.
   
list Authorised Consignee / Consignor
  A trader authorized by the European Commission (regulation 2454/93) to receive or dispatch consignments under transit procedures without having to present goods and documents directly at the customs office.
   
list Authorization
  The commission to a certain person or body to act on behalf of another person or body. The person or body can be authorized e.g. to issue Bills of Lading or to collect freight.
   
list Average
  In marine insurance: a loss or damage to or in respect of goods or equipment
The numerical result obtained by dividing the sum of two or more quantities by the number of quantities
   
list Average Adjusters
  In general average affairs average adjusters are entrusted with the task of apportioning the loss and expenditure over the parties interested in the maritime venture and to determine which expenses are to be regarded as average or general average.
   
list Average Bond
  An agreement signed by all interested parties acknowledging their liability to pay a share of the loss under General Average.
   
list Award
  The decision given by an arbitrator, to whom a matter in dispute has been referred. An arbitrator states only the effect of his decision, without reasons thus differing from a judge, who usually states the grounds of his judgment.
list B / L
  A particular article, stipulation or single proviso in a Bill of Lading. A clause can be standard and can be pre-printed on the B / L.
   
list BSI Container Specification
  Accidents of a nature beyond human control such as flood, lightning or hurricane usually quoted as ‘force majeure’.
   
list Bank Guarantee
  An undertaking by a bank to be answerable for payment of a sum of money in the event of non performance by the party on whose behalf the guarantee is issued.
   
list Bar Coding
  A method of encoding data for fast and accurate electronic readability. Bar codes are a series of alternating bars and spaces printed or stamped on products, labels, or other media, representing encoded information which can be read by electronic readers, used to facilitate timely and accurate input of data to a computer system. Bar codes represent letters and/or numbers and special characters like +, /, -, etc.
   
list Bay
  A vertical division of a vessel from stem to stern, used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for containers. The numbers run from stem to stern; odd numbers indicate a 20 foot position, even numbers indicate a 40 foot position.
   
list Bay Plan
  A stowage plan which shows the locations of all the containers on the vessel.
   
list Berth
  A location in a port where a vessel can be moored often indicated by a code or name.
   
list Bilateral Transport Agreement
  Agreement between two nations concerning their transport relations.
   
list Bill of Exchange
  An unconditional order in writing to pay a certain sum of money to a named person.
   
list Bill of Health
  The Bill of Health is the certificate issued by local medical authorities indicating the general health conditions in the port of departure or in the ports of call. The Bill of Health must have been visaed before departure by the Consul of the country of destination.
   
  When a vessel has free pratique, this means that the vessel has a clean Bill of Health certifying that there is no question of contagious disease and that all quarantine regulations have been complied with, so that people may embark and disembark.
   
list Bill of Lading
  Abbreviation: B/L, plural Bs/L
A document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea.
   
list The document has the following functions:
  A receipt for goods, signed by a duly authorised person on behalf of the carriers
  A document of title to the goods described therein
  Evidence of the terms and conditions of carriage agreed upon between the two parties
   
list At the moment 3 different models are used:
  A document for either Combined Transport or Port to Port shipments depending whether the relevant spaces for place of receipt and/or place of delivery are indicated on the face of the document.
   
  A classic marine Bill of Lading in which the carrier is also responsible for the part of the transport actually performed by himself
   
  Sea Waybill: A non-negotiable document, which can only be made out to a named consignee. No surrender of the document by the consignee is required
   
list Bill of Lading Clause
  A particular article, stipulation or single proviso in a Bill of Lading. A clause can be standard and can be pre-printed on the B/L.
   
list Bill of Material
  A list of all parts, sub-assemblies and raw materials that constitute a particular assembly, showing the quantity of each required item.
   
list Block Train
  A number of railway wagons (loaded with containers), departing from a certain place and running straight to a place of destination, without marshalling, transhipping or any coupling or de-coupling of wagons.
   
list Bona Fide
  In good faith; without dishonesty, fraud or deceit.
   
list Bonded
  The storage of certain goods under charge of customs viz. customs seal until the import duties are paid or until the goods are taken out of the country.
   
  Bonded warehouse (place where goods can be placed under bond)
  Bonded store (place on a vessel where goods are placed behind seal until the time that the vessel leaves the port or country again)
  Bonded goods (dutiable goods upon which duties have not been paid i.e. goods in transit or warehoused pending customs clearance)
   
list Booking
  The offering by a shipper of cargo for transport and the acceptance of the offering by the carrier or his agent.
   
list Booking Reference Number
  The number assigned to a certain booking by the carrier or his agent.
   
list Break Bulk
  To commence discharge
  To strip unitised cargo
   
list Break Bulk Cargo
  General cargo conventionally stowed as opposed to unitised, containerised and Roll On-Roll Off cargo.
   
list Broker
  Person who acts as an agent or intermediary in negotiating contracts.
   
list Brussels Tariff Nomenclature
  The old Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature for the classification of goods. Now replaced by the Harmonised System.
   
list Buffer Stock
  A quantity of goods or articles kept in store to safeguard against unforeseen shortages or demands.
 
list Bulk Cargo
  Unpacked homogeneous cargo poured loose in a certain space of a vessel or container e.g. oil and grain.
   
list Bulk Carrier
  Single deck vessel designed to carry homogeneous unpacked dry cargoes such as grain, iron ore and coal.
 
list Bulk Container
  A container designed for the carriage of free-flowing dry cargoes, which are loaded through hatchways in the roof of the container and discharged through hatchways at one end of the container.
 
list Bunker Adjustment Factor
  Abbreviation: BAF
Adjustment applied by liner or liner conferences to offset the effect of fluctuations in the cost of bunkers.
   
list Bunkers
  Quantity of fuel on board a vessel.
 
list Bureau Veritas
  French classification society.
 
list Business Process
  A business process is the action taken to respond to particular events, convert inputs into outputs, and produce particular results. Business processes are what the enterprise must do to conduct its business successfully.
   
list Business Process Model
  The business process model provides a breakdown (process decomposition) of all levels of business processes within the scope of a business area. It also shows process dynamics, lower-level process interrelationships. In Summary it includes all diagrams related to a process definition that allows for understanding what the business process is doing (and not how).
 
list Buyer
  Party to which merchandise is sold.
  The process of receiving a consignment from a consignor, usually against the issue of a receipt. As from this moment and on this place the carrier’s responsibility for the consignment begins.
list CAD
  Terms of payment: if the buyer of goods pays for the goods against transfer of the documents, entitling him to obtain delivery of the goods from the carrier.
   
list CAF
  Adjustment applied by P&O Nedlloyd lines or liner conferences on freight rates to offset losses or gains for carriers resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates of tariff currencies.
   
list CENSA
  Council of European and Japanese National Shipowner’s Associations.
   
list Cabotage
  Transport of goods between two ports or places located in the same country
  Transport of cargo in a country other than the country where the vehicle is registered road-cargo)
  The carriage of a container from a surplus area to an area specified by the Owner of that container, in exchange of which and during which the operator can use this container
   
list Call
  The visit of a vessel to a port.
   
list Call Sign
  A code published by the International Telecommunication Union in its annual List of Ships’ Stations to be used for the information interchange between vessels, port authorities and other relevant participants in international trade.
   
  Note: The code structure is based on a three digit designation series assigned by the ITU and a one digit assigned by the country of registration.
   
list Capacity
  The ability, in a given time, of a resource measured in quality and quantity
  The quantity of goods which can be stored in or loaded into a warehouse, store and/or loaded into a means of transport at a particular time
   
list Cargo
  Goods transported or to be transported, all goods carried on a ship covered by a B/L.
Any goods, wares, merchandise, and articles of every kind whatsoever carried on a ship, other than mail, ship’s stores, ship’s spare parts, ship’s equipment, stowage material, crew’s effects and passengers’ accompanied baggage (IMO)
Any property carried on an aircraft, other than mail, stores and accompanied or mishandled baggage Also referred to as ‘goods’ (ICAO)
   
list Cargo Handling
  All procedures necessary to enable the physical handling of goods.
   
list Cargo Tracer
  A document sent by the agent to all relevant parties, stating that certain cargo is either missing or over-landed.
   
list Cargo Unit
  A vehicle, container, pallet, flat, portable tank or any other entity or any part thereof which belongs to the ship but is not permanently attached to that ship.
   
list Carriage
  The process of transporting (conveying) cargo, from one point to another.
   
list Carriage Paid To (…named place of destination)
  Abbreviation: CPT
   
list Carriage and Insurance Paid To (…named place of destination)
  Abbreviation: CIP
   
list Carrier
  The party undertaking transport of goods from one point to another.
   
list Carrier Haulage
  The inland transport service, which is performed by the sea-carrier under the terms and conditions of the tariff and of the relevant transport document.
   
list Carriers Bill of Lading Ports
  Terminal, Pre-terminal port or Post-terminal Port as per tariff, indicated on the Bill of Lading and which is not the port physically called at by Carriers’ ocean vessels.
   
  Note: Under normal circumstances in the B/L only ports should be mentioned which are actually called at.
   
list Carriers Lien
  When the shipper ships goods ‘collect’, the carrier has a possessory claim on these goods, which means that the carrier can retain possession of the goods as security for the charges due
   
list Cartage
  Abbreviation: CAD
  Terms of payment: if the buyer of goods pays for the goods against transfer of the documents, entitling him to obtain delivery of the goods from the carrier.
   
list Cash On Delivery
  Abbreviation: COD
  Terms of payment: if the carrier collects a payment from the consignee and remits the amount to the shipper (air cargo).
   
list Caveat Emptor
  Let the buyer beware, purchaser must ascertain the condition of the goods to be purchased prior to the purchase.
   
list Cellular Vessel
  A vessel, specially designed and equipped for the carriage of containers.
   
list Certificate of Classification
  A certificate, issued by the classification society and stating the class under which a vessel is registered.
   
list Certificate of Origin
  A certificate, showing the country of original production of goods. Frequently used by customs in ascertaining duties under preferential tariff programmes or in connection with regulating imports from specific sources.
   
list Charge
  An amount to be paid for carriage of goods based on the applicable rate of such carriage, or an amount to be paid for a special or incidental service in connection with the carriage of goods.
   
list Charge Type
  A separate, identifiable element of charges to be used in the pricing/rating of common services rendered to customers.
   
list Charter Party
  A contract in which the ship owner agrees to place his vessel or a part of it at the disposal of a third party, the charterer, for the carriage of goods for which he receives a freight per ton cargo, or to let his vessel for a definite period or trip for which a hire is paid
  synonym: Charter Contract
 
list Charterer
  The legal person who has signed a charter party with the owner of a vessel or an aircraft and thus hires or leases a vessel or an aircraft or a part of the capacity thereof.
   
list Chassis
  A wheeled carriage onto which an ocean container is mounted for inland conveyance
The part of a motor vehicle that includes the engine, the frame, suspension system, wheels, steering mechanism etc., but not the body
   
list Claim
  A charge made against a carrier for loss, damage or delay.
 
list Classification
  Arrangement according to a systematic division of a number of objects into groups, based on some likeness or some common traits.
 
list Classification Society
  An Organisation, whose main function is to carry out surveys of vessels, its purpose being to set and maintain standards of construction and upkeep for vessels, their engines and their safety equipment. A classification society also inspects and approves the construction of containers.
   
list Clean Bill of Lading
  A Bill of Lading which does not contain any qualification about the apparent order and condition of the goods to be transported (it bears no stamped clauses on the front of the B/L). It bears no superimposed clauses expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or packaging (resolution of the ICS 1951).
   
list Clean on Board
  When goods are loaded on board and the document issued in respect to these goods is clean.
  Note: Through the usage of the UCP 500 rules the term has now become superfluous.
   
list Client
  A party with which a company has a commercial relationship concerning the transport of e.g. cargo or concerning certain services of the company concerned, either directly or through an agent.
   
list Co-loading
  The loading, on the way, of cargo from another shipper, having the same final destination as the cargo loaded earlier.
   
list Combined Transport
  Intermodal transport where the major part of the journey is by one mode such as rail, inland waterway or sea and any initial and/or final leg carried out by another mode such as road.
   
list Combined Transport Document
  Abbreviation: CTD
  Negotiable or non-negotiable document evidencing a contract for the performance and/or procurement of performance of combined transport of goods.
  Thus a combined transport document is a document issued by a Carrier who contracts as a principal with the Merchant to effect a combined transport often on a door-to-door basis.
   
list Combined Transport Operator
  Abbreviation: CTO
  A party who undertakes to carry goods with different modes of transport.
   
list Commercial Invoice
  A document showing commercial values of the transaction between the buyer and seller.
   
list Commodity
  Indication of the type of goods. Commodities are coded according to the harmonised system.
   
list Conditions
  Anything called for as requirements before the performance or completion of something else
  Contractual stipulations which are printed on a document or provided separately
   
list Conditions of Carriage
  The general terms and conditions established by a carrier in respect of the carriage (air cargo).
   
list Conditions of Contract
  Terms and conditions shown on the Air Waybill (air cargo).
   
list Conference
  Accumulation of vessels at a port to the extent that vessels arriving to load or discharge are obliged to wait for a vacant berth.
   
list Consignee
  The party such as mentioned in the transport document by whom the goods, cargo or containers are to be received.
   
list Consignment
  A separate identifiable number of goods (available to be) transported from one consignor to one consignee via one or more than one modes of transport and specified in one single transport document.
   
list Consignment Instructions
  Instructions from either the seller/consignor or the buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder, carrier or his agent, or other provider of a service, enabling the movement of goods and associated activities. The following functions can be covered:
list Damaged Cargo Report
  Written statement concerning established damages to cargo and/or equipment.
   
list Dangerous Goods
  Goods are to be considered dangerous if the transport of such goods might cause harm, risk, peril, or other evil to people, environment, equipment or any property whatsoever.
   
list Dangerous Goods Declaration
  Document issued by a consignor in accordance with applicable conventions or regulations, describing hazardous goods or materials for transport purposes, and stating that the latter have been packed and labelled in accordance with the provisions of the relevant conventions or regulations.
   
list Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate
  A document as part of the dangerous goods declaration in which the responsible party declares that the cargo has been stowed in accordance with the rules in a clean container in compliance with the IMDG regulations and properly secured.
   
list Date Draft
  A draft that matures in a specified number of days after issuance without regard to date of acceptance.
   
list DAF (Delivered At Frontier)
  Delivered At Frontier (DAF) The seller (exporter) is responsible for all costs involved in delivering the goods to the named point and place at the frontier. Risk of loss transfers at the frontier. The buyer must pay the costs and bear the risk of unloading the goods, clearing Customs, and transporting the goods to the final destination. If FOB is the Customs valuation basis, the international insurance and freight costs must be deducted from the DAF price.
   
list DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
  The seller (exporter) is responsible for all costs involved in delivering the goods to a named place of destination where the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer. The buyer (importer) assumes risk of loss at that point and must clear Customs and pay duties and provide inland transportation & insurance to the final destination.
   
list DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
  The seller (exporter) is responsible for all costs involved in delivering the goods to a named place of destination and for clearing Customs in the country of import. Under a DDP Incoterm, the seller provides literally door-to-door delivery, including Customs clearance in the port of export and the port of destination. Thus the seller bears the entire risk of loss until goods are delivered to the buyer’s premises. A DDP transaction will read “DDP named place of destination”. For example, assuming goods imported through Baltimore are delivered to Silver Spring , the Incoterm would read “DDP, Silver Spring “. If CIF is the Customs valuation basis, the costs of unloading the vessel, clearing Customs, and delivery to the buyer’s premises in the country of destination including inland insurance, must be deducted to arrive at the CIF value.
   
list Deadfreight
  Slots paid for but not used.
   
list Deadweight
  Abbreviation: DWT
  The total weight of cargo, cargo equipment, bunkers, provisions, water, stores and spare parts which a vessel can lift when loaded to her maximum draught as applicable under the circumstances. The dead-weight is expressed in tons.
   
list Degroupage
  The ability, in a given time, of a resource measured in quality and quantity
  The quantity of goods which can be stored in or loaded into a warehouse, store and/or loaded into a means of transport at a particular time
   
list Delivered Duty Paid (…named place of destination)
  Abbreviation: DDP
   
list Delivered Duty Unpaid (…named place of destination)
  Abbreviation: DDU
   
list Delivered Ex Quay (…named port of destination)
  Abbreviation: DEQ
   
list Delivered Ex Ship(…named port of destination)
  Abbreviation: DES
   
list Delivery Instruction
  Document issued by a buyer giving instructions regarding the details of the delivery of goods ordered.
   
list Delivery Note
  A document recording the delivery of products to a consignee (customer).
   
list Delivery Order
  A carrier’s delivery order (negotiable document) is used for splitting a B/L (after surrender) in different parcels and have the same function as a B/L.
  The authorisation of the entitled party for the shipment to a party other than the consignee showed on the Air Waybill (air cargo)
   
list

Demurrage

  A variable fee charged to carriers and/or customers for the use of Unit Load Devices (ULD’s) owned by a carrier beyond the free time of shipment
  Additional charge imposed for exceeding the free time, which is included in the rate and allowed for the use of certain equipment at the terminal
   
list DEQ (Delivered Ex-quay)
  The seller (exporter) is responsible for all costs involved in transporting the goods to the wharf (quay) at the port of destination. The buyer must pay duties, clear Customs, and pay the cost/bear the risk of loss from that point forward. If FOB is the Customs valuation basis, the international insurance and freight costs, in addition to unloading costs, must be deducted from the DEQ price.
   
list DES (Delivered Ex-ship)
  The seller (exporter) is responsible for all costs involved in delivering the goods to a named port of destination. Upon arrival, the goods are made available to the buyer (importer) on-board the vessel. Therefore, the seller is responsible for all costs/risk of loss prior to unloading at the port of destination. The buyer (importer) must have the goods unloaded, pay duties, clear Customs and provide inland transportation & insurance to the final destination.
   
list Despatch Advice
  Information send by shippers to the recipient of goods informing that specified goods are sent or ready to be sent advising the detailed contents of the consignment.
 
list Destination
  Place for which goods or a vehicle is bound
  The ultimate stopping place according to the contract of carriage (air cargo)
   
list Detention
  Keeping equipment beyond the time allowed.
   
list Detention Charge
  Charges levied on usage of equipment exceeding free time period as stipulated in the pertinent inland rules and conditions.
   
list Devanning
  See Stripping, UnpackingDeviation from a Route
   
  A divergence from the agreed or customary route.
   
list Dimensions
  Measurements in length, width and height, regarding cargo.
   
list Direct Delivery
  The conveyance of goods directly from the vendor to the buyer. Frequently used if a third party acts as intermediary agent between vendor and buyer
  Direct discharge from vessel onto railroad car, road vehicle or barge with the purpose of immediate transport from the port area (usually occurs when ports lack adequate storage space or when ports are not equipped to handle a specific cargo)
   
list Direct Interchange
  Transfer of leased equipment from one lessee to another (container).
   
list Direct Route
  The shortest operated route between two points.
   
list Discharge
  The unloading of a vehicle, a vessel or an aircraft
  The landing of cargo
   
list Discrepancy
  Difference between the particulars given and the particulars found.
 
list Distribution Centre
  A warehouse for the receipt, the storage and the dispersal of goods among customers.
   
list Distribution Channel
  The route by which a company distributes goods.
 
list Door to Door Transport
  The transport of cargo from the premises of the consignor to the premises of the consignee.
Note: In the United States the term ‘Point to Point Transport’ is used instead of the term ‘Door to Door Transport’, because the term ‘house’ may mean ‘customs house’ or ‘brokers house’, which are usually located in the port.
 
list Double Stack Train
  A number of railway wagons, usually a block train, on which containers can be stacked two- high.
 
list Draft
  The draft of a vessel is the vertical distance between the waterline and the underside of the keel of the vessel. During the construction of a vessel the marks showing the draft are welded on each side of the vessel near the stem, the stern and amain-txtships.
   
list Drawback
  Repayment of any part of customs or excise duties previously collected on imported goods, when those goods are exported again.
 
list Drayage
  The hauling of a load by a cart with detachable sides (dray)
  Road transportation between the nearest railway terminal and the stuffing place
   
list Drop off Charge
  Charge made by container owner and/or terminal operators for delivery of a leased, or pool container into depot stock. The drop-off charge may be a combination of actual handling and storage charges with surcharges.
   
list Dunnage
  Stowage material, mainly timber or board, used to prevent damage to cargo during carriage.
   
list Duty Free Zone
  An area where goods or cargo can be stored without paying import customs duties awaiting further transport or manufacturing.
list EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport
  Abbreviation: UN/EDIFACT
  The ISO application level syntax rules for the structuring of user data and of the associated service data in the interchange of messages in an open environment.
   
list Electronic Data Interchange
  Abbreviation: EDI
  The transfer of structured data, by agreed standards from applications on the computer of one party to the applications on the computer of another party by electronic means.
   
list Electronic Data Processing
  Abbreviation: EDP
  The computerised handling of information (e.g. business data).
   
list Embargo
  A government order prohibiting the entry or departure of commercial vessels or goods at its ports
  The refusal by a carrier, for a limited period, to accept for transport over any route or segment thereof, and to or from any area or point, of a connecting carrier, any commodity, type of class of cargo duly tendered (air cargo)
   
list Emergency Medical Service
  Abbreviation: EMS
  Medical procedures in case of emergencies on board of vessels.
   
list Endorsement
  The transfer of the right to obtain delivery of the goods of the carrier by means of the consignee’s signature on the reverse side of a bill of lading. If the name of the new consignee (transferee) is not stated, the endorsement is an open one which means that every holder of the document is entitled to obtain delivery of the goods.
   
list Equipment Interchange Receipt
  Abbreviation: EIR
  Physical inspection and transfer receipt.
   
list Estimated Time of Arrival
  Abbreviation: ETA
  The expected date and time of arrival in a certain (air)port.
   
list Estimated Time of Departure
  Abbreviation: ETD
  The expected date and time when a certain (air)port is left.
   
list Ex Works (…named place)
  Abbreviation: EXW
   
list Export
  The process of carrying or sending goods to another country or countries, especially for purposes of use or sale in the country of destination. The sale of products to clients abroad.
   
list Export Licence
  Document granting permission to export as detailed within a specified time.
   
list Exporter
  The party responsible for the export of goods.
   
list EXW (Ex-works)
  The seller (exporter) makes the goods available to the buyer (importer) at the seller’s premises. The buyer is responsible for all transportation costs, duties, and insurance, and accepts risk of loss of goods immediately after the goods are purchased and placed outside the factory door. The Ex Works price does not include the price of loading goods onto a truck or vessel, and no allowance is made for clearing customs. If FOB is the Customs valuation basis of the goods in the country of destination, the transportation and insurance costs from the seller’s premises to the port of export must be added to the Ex Works price.
list FAS (Free Alongside Ship)
  The seller transports the goods from his place of business, clears the goods for export and places them alongside the vessel at the port of export, where the risk of loss shifts to the buyer. The buyer is responsible for loading the goods onto the vessel (unless specified otherwise) and for paying all costs involved in shipping the goods to the final destination.
   
list FCA (Free Carrier)
  The seller (exporter) clears the goods for export and delivers them to the carrier and place specified by the buyer. If the place chosen is the seller’s place of business, the seller must load the goods onto the transport vehicle; otherwise, the buyer is responsible for loading the goods. Buyer assumes risk of loss from that point forward and must pay for all costs associated with transporting the goods to the final destination.
   
list FCL
  Full Container Load, Full Car Load.
   
list Federal Maritime Commission (FMC)
  The U.S. Federal agency responsible for overseeing Ocean Carriers, Conferences, NVOCC’s and Ocean Freight Forwarders (now called OTI’s – Ocean Transportation Intermediaries) at ocean ports and inland waterways.
   
list Feeder Vessel
  A vessel that connects with a line vessel to service a port not directly served by that line vessel.
   
list FEU
  (Forty foot equivalent) Term normally used in ocean freight rate negotiations referring to the equivalent of two twenty foot ocean containers.
   
list FIATA
  International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations.
   
list Flag Carrier
  An airline or vessel of one national registry whose government gives it partial or total monopoly over international routes.
   
list Flat Bed Chassis
  A semi-trailer with a level bed and no sides or tops. The floor is a standard height from the ground.
   
list Flat Rack
  A platform designed with the flexibility to carry oversized cargo on board container vessels. It can be loaded from the sides and top, usually having adjustable or removable bulkheads at the front and back.
   
list FMC
  Federal Maritime Commission (Control of Shipping acts USA)
   
list FOB (Free On Board)
  The seller (exporter) is responsible for delivering the goods from his place of business and loading them onto the vessel of at the port of export as well as clearing customs in the country of export. As soon as the goods cross the “ships-rails” (the ship’s threshold) the risk of loss transfers to the buyer (importer). The buyer must pay for all transportation and insurance costs from that point, and must clear customs in the country of import. An FOB transaction will read “FOB, port of export”. For example, assuming the port of export is Boston , an FOB transaction would read “FOB Boston “. If CIF is the Customs valuation basis, international freight and insurance must be added to the FOB value.
   
list Foreign Trade Zone ( FTZ )
  A port designated by the government for duty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandise may be stored, displayed, and used for manufacturing within the zone and re-exported without duties being paid. Duties are imposed only when the original goods or items manufactured from those goods pass from the zone into an area of the country subject to customs authority. Also called a Free Trade Zone.
   
list Foreign Trade Zone Entry
  A form declaring goods which are brought duty free into a Foreign Trade Zone for further processing or storage and subsequent exportation from the zone into the commerce of another country.
   
list Forwarder
  An independent business that dispatches shipments for exporters for a fee. The firm may ship by land, air, or sea, or it may specialize. Usually it handles all the services connected with an export shipment, including preparation of documents, booking cargo space, warehousing, pier delivery, and export clearance. The firm may also handle banking and insurance services on behalf of a client.
   
list Free Of Particular Average (FPA )
  A marine insurance clause relating to the recoverability of partial and total losses from perils of the sea. The American and English coverage’s vary as follows:
American Conditions (FPAAC) – The underwriter does not assume responsibility for partial losses unless caused by sinking, stranding, burning, or colliding with another vessel.
English Conditions (FPAEC) – The underwriter assumes responsibility for partial losses if the vessel is sunk, stranded, burned, on fire, or in collision, even though such an event did not actually cause the damage suffered by the goods.
   
list FTL
  Full Truck Load, an indication for a truck transporting cargo directly from supplier to receiver.
   
list Factory Delivery
  The delivery of goods by a factory whereby the goods are put at the disposal of another (internal) party such as a commercial department.
   
list Feeder
  A vessel normally used for local or coastal transport (for carriage of cargo and/or containers) to and from ports not scheduled to be called by the main (ocean) vessel, directly connecting these ports to the main (ocean) vessel.
   
list Flag
  An indication of the country in which a means of transport is registered through a reference to the ensign of this country.
   
list Flammable
  Capable to be set on fire under given circumstances. (Amendment 25 IMO DGS).
   
list Flash Point
  The lowest temperature at which a good produces enough vapour to form a flammable mixture with air.
   
list Flat Rack Container
  A container with two end walls and open sides.
   
list Fleet
  Any group of means of transport acting together or under one control.
   
list Force Majeure
  Circumstance which is beyond the control of one of the parties to a contract and which may, according to the terms and conditions, relieve that party of liability for failing to execute the contract.
   
list Fork Lift Truck
  A three or four wheeled mechanical truck with forks at the front designed for lifting, carrying and stowing cargo.
   
list Forty Foot Equivalent Unit
  Abbreviation: FEU
  Unit of measurement equivalent to one forty foot container.
   
list Forwarder
  The party arranging the carriage of goods including connected services and/or associated formalities on behalf of a shipper or consignee.
   
list Forwarding Charge
  Charges paid or to be paid for preliminary surface or air transport to the airport of departure by a forwarder, but not by a carrier under an Air Waybill (air cargo).
   
list Forwarding Instruction
  Document issued to a freight forwarder, giving instructions to the forwarder for the forwarding of goods described therein.
list Gang
  A number of workmen acting together especially for loading and/or discharging operations of a vessel in combination with the necessary gear. (On a vessel for instance 6 gangs can be ordered to discharge or load.)
   
list Garments On Hangers
  Clothes in containers on hangers and hung from rails during transit, reducing the handling required for the garments.
   
list Gateway
  A point at which cargo is interchanged between carriers or modes of transport
  A means of access, an entry
   
list GATT
  (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) – A multilateral treaty intended to help reduce trade barriers and promote tariff concessions.
   
list General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
  Abbreviation: GATT
  Major international agreement on trade and tariffs between many nations all over the world. The discussions are now held by the WTO.
   
list General Average
  Abbreviation: G/A
  Intentional act or sacrifice which is carried out to safeguard vessel and cargo. When a vessel is in danger, the master has the right to sacrifice property and/or to incur reasonable expenditure. Measures taken for the sole benefit of any particular interest are not considered general average.
   
list General Average Act (York-Antwerp Rules)
  There is a general average act when, and only when any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure.
   
list General Cargo
  Cargo, consisting of goods, unpacked or packed, for example in cartons, crates, bags or bales, often palletised. General cargo can be shipped either in breakbulk or containerised
  Any consignment other than a consignment containing valuable cargo and charged for transport at general cargo rates (air cargo)
 
list General Purpose Container
  A Container with two end walls and open sides.A container used for the carriage of general cargo without any special requirements for the transport and or the conditioning of the goods.
   
list Goods
  Common term indicating movable property, merchandise or wares
All materials which can be used to satisfy demands
Whole or part of the cargo received from the shipper, including any equipment supplied by the shipper
   
list Goods Receipt
  Document issued by a port, warehouse, shed, or terminal operator acknowledging receipt of goods specified therein on conditions stated or referred to in the document.
   
list Goods in Transit
  he goods which have departed from the initial loading point and not yet arrived at the final unloading point.
   
list Groupage
  The collection of several small consignments and the formation of one large shipment thereof (road cargo).
   
list Gross Weight (GR WT./GW)
  The full weight of a shipment, including containers and packaging materials.
list Hague Rules
  International convention for the unification of certain rules, relating to Bills of Lading (1924). These Rules include the description of responsibilities of Shipping Lines.
   
list Hague-Visby Rules
  Set of rules, published in 1968, amending the Hague Rules.
   
list Hamburg Rules
  United Nations Convention on the carriage of goods by sea of 1978 adopted in 1992.
   
list Harmonized System
  Abbreviation: HS
  It is a numeric multi purpose system, the international convention on the HS was established under auspices of the World Customs Organisation in 1983, for the classification of goods with its six digits covering about 5000 descriptions of the products or groups of products most commonly produced and traded. It is designed for customs services, but can also be used for statistics, transport purposes, export, import and manufacturing.
   
list Haulage
  The inland carriage of cargo or containers between named locations/points.
  Merchant inspired Carrier Haulage or customer nominated Carrier Haulage or shipper preferred Carrier Haulage service performed by a sub-contractor of the merchant
  Carrier inspired Merchant Haulage means Haulage service performed by a sub- contractor of the Carrier
   
list Haulier
  Road carrier.
   
list Hi (Or High) Cube
  Any container exceeding 102 inches in height.
   
list House Air Waybill
  An air waybill issued by an airfreight consolidator.
   
list House to House Transport
  The transport of cargo from the premises of the consignor to the premises of the consignee.
  Note: In the United States the term ‘Point to Point Transport’ is used instead of the term ‘Door to Door Transport’, because the term ‘house’ may mean ‘customs house’ or ‘brokers house’, which are usually located in the port.
   
list Hub
  The central transhipment point in a transport structure, serving a number of consignees and/or consignors by means of spokes. The stretches between hubs mutually are referred to as trunks.
list IATA
  International Air Transport Association.
   
list ICAO
  (International Civil Aviation Organization) – A specialized agency of the United Nations headquartered in Montreal . It promotes general development of civil aviation such as aircraft design and operation, safety procedures, and contractual agreements.
   
list ICC (International Chamber Of Commerce)
  A non-governmental organization serving as a policy advocate on world business.
   
list Idle Time
  The amount of ineffective time whereby the available resources are not used e.g. a container in a yard.
   
list IGLOO
  A contoured structural container designed for use in main-deck carriage on narrow body aircraft.
   
list Import License
  A certificate issued by countries exercising import controls that permits importation of the articles stated in the license and often authorizes and/or releases the funds in payment of the importation.
   
list Inducement
  When steamship lines publish in their schedules the name of a port and the words “by inducement” in parentheses, this means the vessel will call at the port if there is a sufficient amount of profitable cargo available and booked.
   
list Inland Carrier
  A transportation line which hauls export or import cargo between ports and inland points.
   
list Inspection Certificate
  A document certifying that merchandise was in good condition, or in accordance with certain specifications immediately prior to shipment.
   
list Integrated Carrier
  A forwarder that uses its own aircraft, whether owned or leased, rather than scheduled airlines.
   
list Interline
  A mutual agreement between airlines to link their route network.
   
list Intermodal
  This refers to the capacity to go from ship to train to truck or the like. The term generally refers to containerized shipping or the capacity to handle containers across different modes of transport.
   
list In Transit
  The status of goods or persons between the outwards customs clearance and inwards customs clearance.
   
list INCO Terms
  Trade terms in coded form as established by the International Chamber of Commerce in 1953, whereafter they have been regularly updated. (Last update 2000). The terms represent a set of international rules for the interpretation of the principal terms of delivery used in trade contracts.
   
list Inland Waterways Bill of Lading
  Transport document made out to a named person, to order or to bearer, signed by the carrier and handed to the sender after receipt of the goods.
   
list Insurance
  A system of protection against loss under which a party agrees to pay a certain sum (premiums) for a guarantee that they will be compensated under certain conditions for loss or damage.
   
list Insurance Certificate
  Proof of an insurance contract.
   
list Insurance Company
  The party covering the risks of the issued goods and/or services that are insured.
   
list Intermodal Transport
  The movement of goods (containers) in one and the same loading unit or vehicle which uses successively several modes of transport without handling of the goods themselves in changing modes.
   
list International Air Transport Association
  Abbreviation: IATA
  An international organisation of airlines, founded in 1945, with the aim of promoting the commercial air traffic. Parties should achieve this by co-operation between the parties concerned and by performance of certain rules, procedures and tariffs, regarding both cargo and passengers.
   
list International Association of Classification Societies
  Abbreviation: IACS
  An organisation in which the major classification societies, among others American Bureau of Shipping, Lloyd’s Register of Shipping and Germanischer Lloyd, are joined, whose principal aim is the improvement of standards concerning safety at sea.
   
list International Chamber of Shipping
  Abbreviation: ICS
  A voluntary organisation of national shipowner’ associations with the objective to promote interests of its members, primarily in the technical and legal fields of shipping operations.
   
list International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
  Abbreviation: IMDG Code
  A code, representing the classification of dangerous goods as defined by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in compliance with international legal requirements.
   
list International Maritime Organisation
  Abbreviation: IMO
  An United Nations agency concerned with safety at sea. Its work includes codes and rules relating to tonnage measurement of vessels, load lines, pollution and the carriage of dangerous goods.
Its previous name was the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO).
   
list Invoice
  An account from the supplier, for goods and/or services supplied by him.
list Jetsam
  Goods thrown or lost.
   
list Jettison
  The act of intentionally throwing cargo overboard e.g. with the objective of lightening a vessel, which has run aground, such for the common good of all interests: vessel, crew and remaining cargo.
   
list Jetty
  A mole or breakwater, running out into the sea to protect harbours or coasts. It is sometimes used as a landing-pier.
   
list Jib
  Projecting arm of a crane
  Attachment connected to the top of a crane boom
   
list Job
  That work which is undertaken to meet a customer or production order and, for production control purposes, has a unique identification.
   
list Joint Venture
  A joint activity of two or more companies usually performed under a common name.
   
list Journey
  A voyage from one place, port or country to another one, in case of a round trip, to the same one.
   
list Jurisprudence
  Juridical decisions used for explanation and meaning of law.
   
list Just In Time
  Abbreviation: JIT
  The movement of material/goods at the necessary place at the necessary time.
The implication is that each operation is closely synchronised with the subsequent ones to make that possible.
  A method of inventory control that brings stock into the production process, warehouse or to the customer just in time to be used, thus reducing stock piling.
list KNOT, NAUTICAL
  The unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile: 6,080.20 feet per hour or 1.85 kilometers per hour.
   
list Kyoto Convention
  The convention for the International Customs Co-operation Council held in Kyoto in 1974 for the simplification and harmonisation of national customs procedures.
 
  On 25th of June 1999 the updated and restructured International Convention on the simplification and harmonisation of Customs Procedures (Kyoto Convention) was unanimously adopted by 114 customs administrations.
   
  This convention was restructured to deal with computerised controls and to ensure better co- operation between customs authorities mutually and with trade in general.
list Label
  A slip of e.g. paper or metal attached to an object to indicate the nature, ownership, destination, contents and/or other particulars of the object.
   
list Lash
  To hold goods in position by the use of, e.g., wires, ropes, chains and straps.
   
list ShipLeasing Company
  The company from which property or equipment is taken on lease.
   
list Legal Weight
  The weight of the goods plus any immediate wrappings or packagings that are sold along with the goods, e.g., the weight of a tin can as well as its contents.
   
list Less than Container Load
  Abbreviation: LCL
  A general reference for identifying cargo in any quantity intended for carriage in a container, where the Carrier is responsible for packing
  and/or unpacking the container
  For operational purposes a LCL (Less than full container load) container is considered a container in which multiple consignments or
  parts thereof are shipped
   
  Abbreviation: LTL
  A term used if the quantity or volume of one or more consignment(s) does not fill a standard truck.
   
list Lessee
  The party to whom the possession of specified property has been conveyed for a period of time in return for rental payments.
   
list Lessor
  The party who conveys specified property to another for a period of time in return for the receipt of rent.
   
list Letter of Credit
  Abbreviation: L/C
  A written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request, and on the instructions of the buyer (applicant) to pay at sight or at a determinable future date up to a stated sum of money, within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents.
   
list Letter Of Credit, Confirmed
  A letter of credit containing a guarantee on the part of both the issuing and advising banks of payment to the seller, provided the seller’s documentation is in order and the terms of the letter of credit are met.
   
list Letter of Indemnity
  Written statement in which one party undertakes to compensate another for the costs and consequences of carrying out a certain act. The issue of a letter of indemnity is sometimes used for cases when a shipper likes receiving a clean Bill of Lading while a carrier is not allowed to do so.
   
list Liability
  Legal responsibility for the consequences of certain acts or omissions.
   
list Lien
  A legal claim upon real or personal property to pay a debt or duty.
   
list Lighter
  An open or covered barge equipped with a crane and towed by a tugboat. Used mostly in harbors and inland waterways.
   
list Liner
  The word “liner” is derived from the term “line traffic,” which denotes operation along definite routes on the basis of definite, fixed schedules. A liner thus is a vessel that engages in this kind of transportation, which usually involves the haulage of general cargo as distinct from bulk cargo.
   
list Liner Conference
  A group of two or more vessel-operating carriers, which provides international liner services for the carriage of cargo on a particular trade route and which has an agreement or arrangement to operate under uniform or common freight rates and any other agreed conditions (e.g. FEFC = Far Eastern Freight Conference).
   
list Liner In Free Out
  Abbreviation: LIFO
  Transport condition denoting that the freight rate is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost of loading, the latter as per the custom of the port. It excludes the cost of discharging.
   
list Liner Terms
  Condition of carriage denoting that costs for loading and unloading are borne by the carrier subject the custom of the port concerned.
   
list Lloyd’s Register of Shipping
  British classification society.
   
list LO / LO (LIFT-ON/LIFT-OFF)
  Denotes the method by which cargo is loaded onto and discharged from an ocean vessel, which in this case is by the use of a crane.
   
list Load Factor
  Capacity used as against capacity available and expressed as a percentage.
   
list Logistics Management
  The efficient and cost-effective management of the physical movement of goods from supply points to final sale and the associated transfer and holding of such goods at various intermediate storage points.
list Main-line Operator
  Abbreviation: MLO
  A carrier employing vessel(s) in the main or principal routes in a trade but not participating within a consortium.
   
list Manifest
  Document, which lists the specifications of goods, loaded in a means of transport or equipment for transportation purposes.
  As a rule cargo the agents in the place of loading draw up manifests
  Note: For P&O Nedlloyd a manifest represents a cumulation of Bills of Lading for official and administrative purposes
   
list Marine Insurance Policy
  An insurance policy protecting the insured against loss or damage to his goods occurred during ocean transport.
   
list Mate’s Receipt
  A document signed by the chief officer of a vessel acknowledging the receipt of a certain consignment on board of that vessel. On this document, remarks can be made as to the order and condition of the consignment.
   
list Measurement Ton
  The measurement ton (also known as the cargo ton or freight ton) is a space measurement, usually 40 cubic feet or one cubic meter. Cargo is assessed a certain rate for every 40 cubic feet or one cubic meter it occupies.
   
list Mercosur
  A trade alliance between Argentina, Brazil , Paraguay and Uruguay , with Chile and Bolivia as associate members.
   
list Medical First Aid Guide
  Abbreviation: MFAG
  Instructions to be consulted in case of accidents involving dangerous goods.
   
list Merchant Haulage
  Inland transport of cargo in containers arranged by the Merchant.
  It includes empty container-moves to and from hand-over points in respect of containers released by the Carrier to Merchants.
 

Note: Carrier’s responsibility under the Bill of Lading does not include the inland transport stretch under Merchant Haulage.
   
list Multimodal Transport
  The carriage of goods (containers) by at least two different modes of transport.
   
list Multimodal Transport Document
  Negotiable or non-negotiable document evidencing a contract for the performance and/or procurement of performance of combined transport of goods.
  Thus a combined transport document is a document issued by a Carrier who contracts as a principal with the Merchant to effect a combined transport often on a door-to-door basis.
   
list Multimodal Transport Operator/Carrier
  Abbreviation: MTO/Carrier
  The person on whose behalf the transport document or any document evidencing a contract of multimodal carriage of goods is issued and who is responsible for the carriage of goods pursuant to the contract of carriage.
list NAFTA
  (North American Free Trade Agreement) – A free trade agreement comprising the U.S.A. , Canada , and Mexico .
   
list National Carrier
  A flag carrier owned or controlled by the state.
   
list Net Terms
  Free of charters’ commission.
   
list Net Weight (Actual Net Weight)
  The weight of the goods alone without any immediate wrappings; e.g., the weight of the contents of a tin can without the weight of the can.
   
list Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier
  Abbreviation: NVOCC
  A party who undertakes to carry goods and issues in his own name a Bill of Lading for such carriage, without having the availability of any own means of transport.
   
list Notify Address
  Address of the party other than the consignee to be advised of the arrival of the goods.
   
list Notify Party
  The party to be notified of arrival of goods.
list OD
  Outside Diameter.
   
list Open Account
  A trade arrangement in which goods are shipped to a foreign buyer without guarantee of payment such as a note, L/C, or other formal written evidence of indebtedness.
   
list Open Policy
  A cargo insurance policy that is an open contract; e.g., it provides protection for all shipments in transit within a specified geographic trade area for a limited period of time. It is referred to as “open” because it does not require reporting of individual shipments. Summary or grouped reporting requirements vary with different policies.
   
list Oncarriage
  The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport to the place of delivery after discharge from the ocean vessel (main means of transport) at the port (place) of discharge.
   
list One Stop Shop
  An organisation, which provides all needed requirements in one location.
   
list Open Top Container
  A freight container similar in all respects to a general purpose container except that it has no rigid roof but may have a flexible and movable or removable cover, for example one made of canvas or plastic or reinforced plastic material normally supported on movable or removable roof bows.
   
list O/R
  Owner’s Risk.
   
list Out of Gauge Cargo
  Cargo which dimensions are exceeding the normal dimensions of a 20 or 40 feet container, e.g. overlength, overwidth, overheight, or combinations thereof.
   
list Outturn Report
  Written statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel’s manifest.
   
list Overheight Cargo
  Cargo, exceeding the standard height.
   
list Overlength Cargo
  Cargo, exceeding the standard length.
   
list Overwidth Cargo
  Cargo, exceeding the standard width.
   
list Owner
  The legal owner of cargo, equipment or means of transport.
list Part Charter
  Where part of an airline’s scheduled flight is sold as if it were a charter in its own right. Often incorrectly used as a synonym for split charter.
   
list Part Load Charter
  Where a part of an aircraft’s load is discharged at one destination and a part of it at another. This is distinct from a split charter where a number of consignments are carried to the same destination. Inbound, part loads are treated as single entity charters under the regulations in most countries.
   
list Particular Average (PA)
  Partial loss or damage to goods.
   
list Perils Of The Sea
  Fortuitous accidents or casualties peculiar to transportation on navigable water, such as sinking, collision of vessel, striking a submerged object, or encountering heavy weather or other unusual forces of nature.
   
list Perishables
  Any cargo that loses considerable value if it is delayed in transportation. This usually refers to fresh fruit and vegetables.
   
list Phytosanitary Inspection Certificate
  A certificate issued by an exporting countries’ Department of Agriculture indicating that a shipment has been inspected and is free of harmful pests and plant diseases.
   
list Pilferage
  As used in marine insurance policies, the term denotes petty thievery-the taking of small parts of a shipment-as opposed to the theft of a whole shipment or large unit. Many ordinary marine insurance policies do not cover against pilferage, and when this coverage is desired it must be added to the policy.
   
list Port Marks
  An identifying set of letters, numbers, or geometric symbols followed by the name of the port of destination that are placed on export shipments. Foreign government requirements may be exceedingly strict in the matter of port marks.
   
list Port Of Discharge
  A port where a vessel is off-loaded and cargo discharged.
   
list Port Of Entry
  A port at which foreign goods are admitted into the receiving country.
   
list Port Of Loading
  A port where cargo is loaded aboard the vessel, lashed, and stowed.
   
list Prepaid Freight
  Generally speaking, freight charges both in ocean and air transport may be either prepaid in the currency of the country of export or they may be billed collect for payment by the consignee in his local currency. On shipments to some countries, however, freight charges must be prepaid because of foreign exchange regulations of the country of import or rules of steamship companies or airlines.
   
list Prima Facie
  A Latin term frequently encountered in foreign trade that means “on first appearance.” When a steamship company issues a clean bill of lading, it acknowledges that the goods were received “in apparent good order and condition” and this is said by the courts to constitute prima facie evidence of the conditions of the containers; that is, if nothing to the contrary appears, it must be inferred that the cargo was in good condition when received by the carrier.
   
list P & I Club
  A mutual association of shipowners who provide protection against liabilities by means of contributions.
  Any physical piece of cargo in relation to transport consisting of the contents and its packing for the purpose of ease of handling by manual or mechanical means
  The final product of the packing operation consisting of the packing and its contents to facilitate manual or mechanical handling
   
list Packaging
  Materials used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods and the activities of placing and securing goods in those materials.
   
list Packing Instruction
  Document issued within an enterprise giving instructions on how goods are to be packed.
   
list Packing List
  Document specifying the contents of each individual package.
   
list Pallet
  A platform on which goods can be stacked in order to facilitate the movement by a fork lift or sling.
   
list Panamax Size
  The maximum measurements and dimensions of a vessel capable to pass the Panama Canal.
   
list Payload
  The revenue-producing load carried by a means of transport.
   
list Payment Against Documents
  Instructions given by a seller to a bank to the effect that the buyer may collect the documents necessary to obtain delivery of the goods only upon actual payment of the invoice.
   
list Physical Distribution
  Those activities related to the flow of goods from the end of conversion to the customer. 
   
list Pier
  That part of a wharf which is intended for the mooring of vessels.
   
list Pilferage
  Petty stealing of goods from a ship’s hold, cargo shed or warehouse.
   
list Place of Acceptance
  The location where a consignment (shipment) is received by the carrier from the shipper viz. the place where the carrier’s liability for transport venture commences.
   
list Place of Delivery
  The location where a consignment (shipment) is delivered to the consignee viz. the place where the carrier’s liability ends for the transport venture.
   
list Place of Despatch
  Name and address specifying where goods are collected or taken over by the carrier (i.e. if other than consignor).
   
list Place of Receipt
  The location where a consignment (shipment) is received by the carrier from the shipper viz. the place where the carrier’s liability for transport venture commences.
   
list Port of Call
  Place where a vessel actually drops anchor or moors during a certain voyage.
   
list Port of Discharge
  The port where the cargo is actually loaded on board the sea (ocean) going vessel.
   
list Precarriage
  The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport from the place of receipt to the port (place) of loading into the ocean vessel (main means of transport).
   
list Precarrier
  The carrier by which the goods are moved prior to the main transport.
   
list Preshipment Inspection
  Abbreviation: PSI
  The checking of goods before shipment for the purpose of determining the quantity and/or quality of said goods by an independent surveyor (inspection company) for phytosanitary, sanitary and veterinary controls.
  Presently there is a tendency by developing countries to use the inspection also for the purpose of determining whether the price charged for certain goods is correct.
   
list Principal
  Person for whom another acts as agent.
   
list Pro Forma Invoice
  Draft invoice sent to an importer by the exporter prior to order confirmation and shipment to assist in matters relating to obtaining import licences or foreign exchange allocations, or simply to advise the value of a consignment so that letters of credit can be opened.
   
list Project Cargo
  Quantity of goods connected to the same project and often carried on different moments and from various places.
   
list Proof of Delivery
  The receipt signed by the consignee upon delivery.
   
list Proper Shipping Name
  A name to be used to describe particular goods on all documents and notifications and, if appropriate, on the goods. basis (air cargo).
 
list Protection and Indemnity Club
  Abbreviation: P & I club
  A mutual association of shipowners who provide protection against liabilities by means of contributions
list Quarantine
  The period during which an arriving vessel, including its equipment, cargo, crew or passengers, suspected to carry or carrying a contagious disease is detained in strict isolation to prevent the spread of such a disease.
   
list Quay
  That part of a wharf which is intended for the mooring of vessels.
list Rate
  The price of a transport service
  Quantity, amount or degree measured or applied
   
list Rebate
  That part of a transport charge which the carrier agrees to return.
   
list Receipt
  A written acknowledgement, that something has been received.
   
list Reefer Cargo
  Cargo requiring temperature control.
   
list Reefer Container
  A thermal container with refrigerating appliances (mechanical compressor unit, absorption unit etc.) to control the temperature of cargo.
   
list Regroupage
  The process of splitting up shipments into various consignments (degroupage) and combining these small consignments into other shipments (groupage).
   
list Release Order
  A document issued by or on behalf of the carrier authorising the release of import cargo identified thereon and manifested under a single Bill of Lading.
   
list Roll-on Roll-off
  Abbreviation: RoRo
System of loading and discharging a vessel whereby the cargo is driven on and off by means of a ramp.
   
list Route
  The track along which goods are (to be) transported.
   
list Routing
  The determination of the most efficient route(s) that people, goods, materials and or means of transport have to follow
  The process of determining how a shipment will be moved between consignor and consignee or between place of acceptance by the carrier and place of delivery to the consignee
  The process of aiding a vessel’s navigation by supplying long range weather forecasts and indicating the most economic and save sailing route.
list Said to Contain
  Abbreviation: STC
  Term in a Bill of Lading signifying that the master and the carrier are unaware of the nature or quantity of the contents of e.g. a carton, crate, container or bundle and are relying on the description furnished by the shipper.
   
list Salvage
  The saving or rescue of a vessel and/or the cargo from loss and/or damage at sea.
   
list Schedule
  A timetable including arrival/departure times of ocean- and feeder vessels and also inland transportation. It refers to named ports in a specific voyage (journey) within a certain trade indicating the voyage number(s). In general: The plan of times for starting and/or finishing activities.
   
list Seal
  A device used for containers, lockers, trucks or lorries to proof relevant parties that they have remained closed during transport.
   
list Seaworthiness
  Fitness of a vessel to travel in open sea mostly related to a particular voyage with a particular cargo.
Seller
Party selling merchandise to a buyer.
   
list Sender
  A service Bill (of Lading) is a contract of carriage issued by one carrier to another for documentary and internal control purposes
   
  For internal documentary and control purposes a so-called participating agent in a consortium uses some kind of document which, depending on the trade, is referred to as ‘Memo Bill’ which will among others state:
  Name of Carrier on whose behalf the original document (Way Bill, Bill of Lading, etc.) was issued
  The original document number. The agent who issued the original document and his opponent at the discharging side
  The number of packages, weight and measurement, marks and numbers and goods description
  Further mandatory details in case of special cargo
   
  No freight details will be mentioned and the Memo Bill is not a contract of carriage.
Acts as intermediary between shipowners or carriers by sea on the one hand and cargo interests on the other. The functions are to act as forwarding agent or custom broker, fixing of charters, and acting as chartering agent.
   
list Ship Operator
  A ship operator is either the shipowner or the (legal) person responsible for the actual management of the vessel and its crew.
   
list Ship’s Protest
  Statement of the master of a vessel before (in the presence of) competent authorities, concerning exceptional events which occurred during a voyage.
   
list Shipment
  A separately identifiable collection of goods to be carried.
   
  Note: In the United States of America the word shipment is used instead of the word consignment.
   
  The (legal) person officially registered as such in the certificate of registry where the following particulars are contained:
  Name of vessel and port of registry
  Details contained in surveyors certificate
  The particulars respecting the origin stated in the declaration of ownership
  The name and description of the registered owner, if more than one owner the proportionate share of each
   
list Shipper
  The merchant (person) by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods has been concluded with a carrier or any party by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage.
   
list Shipper’s Export Declaration
  Abbreviation: SED
A United States customs form to be completed for all exports to assist the government in compiling export statistics.
   
list Shipper’s Letter of Instruction
  Abbreviation: SLI
A document containing instructions given by the shipper or the shipper’s agent for preparing documents and forwarding (air cargo).
   
list Shipping Note
  Document provided by the shipper or his agent to the carrier, multimodal transport operator, terminal or other receiving authority, giving information about export consignments offered for transport, and providing for the necessary receipts and declarations of liability.
   
list Shipping Documents
  Documents required for the carriage of goods.
   
list Shipping Instruction
  Document advising details of cargo and exporter’s requirements of its physical movement.
   
list Shipping Label
  A label attached to a unit, containing certain data.
   
list Shipping Marks
  The identification shown on individual packages in order to help in moving it without delay or confusion to its final destination and to enable the checking of cargo against documents.
   
list Shortage
  The negative difference between actual available or delivered quantity and the required quantity.
   
list Shrink Wrapping
  Heat treatment that shrinks an envelope of polyethylene or similar substance around several units, thus forming one unit. It is used e.g. to secure packages on a pallet.
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Slot
The space on board a vessel, required by one TEU, mainly used for administrative purposes.
   
list Slot Charter
  A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place a certain number of container slots (TEU and/or FEU) at the charterer’s disposal.
   
list Special Drawing Rights
  Abbreviation: SDR
Unit of account from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), i.a. used to express the amount of the limitations of a carrier’s liability.
   
list Special Rate
  A rate other than a normal rate.
   
list Stability
  The capacity of a vessel to return to its original position after having been displaced by external forces. The stability of a vessel depends on the meta-centric height.
   
list Stack
  An identifiable amount of containers stowed in a orderly way in one specified place on an (ocean) terminal, container freight station, container yard or depot.
   
list STEAMSHIP AGENT
  A duly appointed and authorized representative in a specified territory acting on behalf of a steamship line or lines and attending to all matters relating to the vessels owned by his principals.
   
list STRIKES, RIOTS AND CIVIL COMMOTION’S
  An insurance clause referring to loss or damage directly caused by strikers, locked-out workmen, persons’ participation in labor disturbances, and riots of various kinds. The ordinary marine insurance policy does not cover this risk. Coverage against it can be added only by endorsement.
   
list Storage
  The activity of placing goods into a store or the state of being in store (e.g. a warehouse).
   
list Storage Charge
  The fee for keeping goods in a warehouse.
   
list Stowage
  The placing and securing of cargo or containers on board a vessel or an aircraft or of cargo in a container.
   
list Stowage Factor
  Ratio of a cargo’s cubic measurement to its weight, expressed in cubic feet to the ton or cubic metres to the tonne, used in order to determine the total quantity of cargo which can be loaded in a certain space.
   
list Stowage Instructions
  Imperative details about the way certain cargo is to be stowed, given by the shipper or his agent.
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Stowage Plan
A plan indicating the locations on the vessel of all the consignments for the benefit of stevedores and vessel’s officers.
   
list Stripping
  The unloading of cargo out of a container.
   
list Sue & Labor Cause
  A provision in marine insurance obligating the assured to do things necessary after a loss to prevent further loss and to act in the best interests of the insurer.
   
   
list Stuffing
  The loading of cargo into a container.
 
list Supply Chain
  A sequence of events in a goods flow which adds to the value of a specific good. These events may include:
  Conversion
  Assembling and/or disassembling
  Movements and placements
 
list Supply Vessel
  Vessel which carries stock and stores to offshore drilling rigs, platforms.
   
list Surcharge
  An additional charge added to the usual or customary freight.
 
list Survey
  An inspection of a certain item or object by a recognised specialist.
 
list Surveyor
  A specialist who carries out surveys.
  Note: A surveyor is often representing a classification bureau or a governmental body.
list Tallyman / Clerk
  person who records the number of cargo items together with the condition thereof at the time it is loaded into or discharged from a vessel.
   
list Tank Container
  A tank, surrounded by a framework with the overall dimensions of a container for the transport of liquids or gasses in bulk.
   
list Tanker
  A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk.
   
list Tare Weight of Container
  Mass of an empty container including all fittings and appliances associated with that particular type of container on its normal operating condition.
   
list Tariff
  The schedule of rates, charges and related transport conditions.
   
list Temperature Controlled Cargo
  Any cargo requiring carriage under controlled temperature.
   
list Terminal
  A location on either end of a transportation line including servicing and handling facilities.
   
list Terms of Delivery
  All the conditions agreed upon between trading partners regarding the delivery of goods and the related services.
   
  Note: Under normal circumstances the INCO terms are used to prevent any misunderstandings.
   
list Terms of Freight
  All the conditions agreed upon between a carrier and a merchant about the type of freight and charges due to the carrier and whether these are prepaid or are to be collected.
   
  Note: The so-called Combi terms based on the INCO terms do make a distinction what of the freight and related costs is to be paid by the seller and what by the buyer. In the UN recommendation 23 a coding system is recommended to recognise the various items.
   
list THC (Terminal Handling Charge)
  A charge for handling services performed at terminals.
   
list Time Draft
  A draft that matures in a certain number of days, either from acceptance or the date of the draft.
   
list Ton
  Freight rates for liner cargo generally are quoted on the basis of a certain rate per ton, depending on the nature of the commodity. This ton, however, may be a weight ton or a measurement ton.
   
list Ton-deadweight
  The carrying capacity of the ship in terms of the weight in tons of the cargo, fuel, provisions, and passengers which a vessel can carry.
   
list Tonnage
  Cubic capacity of a merchant vessel
  Total weight or amount of cargo expressed in tons
   
list Tracking
  A system of recording movement intervals of shipments from origin to destination.
   
list Tracing
  The action of retrieving information concerning the whereabouts of cargo, cargo items, consignments or equipment.
   
list Track & Trace
  The pro-active tracking of the product along the supply chain, and the paper information flow relating to the order.
   
list Tracking
  The function of maintaining status information, including current location, of cargo, cargo items, consignments or containers either full or empty.
   
list Trailer
  A vehicle without motive power, designed for the carriage of cargo and to be towed by a motor vehicle.
   
list Trailer on Flat Car
  Abbreviation: TOFC
Carriage of piggyback highway trailers on specially equipped railway wagons.
   
list Tramp Vessel
  A vessel not operating under a regular schedule.
   
list Transhipment
  A shipment under one Bill of Lading, whereby sea (ocean) transport is ‘broken’ into two or more parts. The port where the sea (ocean) transport is ‘broken’ is the transhipment port
  Transfer of cargo from one means of transport to another for on-carriage during the course of one transport operation
  Customs: Customs procedure under which goods are transferred under customs control from the importing means of transport to the exporting means of transport within the area of one customs office which is the office of both importation and exportation
   
list Transit Cargo
  Cargo between outwards customs clearance and inwards customs clearance
Cargo arriving at a point and departing there-from by the same through flight (air cargo)
   
list Transport
  The assisted movement of people and or goods.
   
  Note: Transport is often used as a generic term for various means of transport, and is distinguished from ‘movement’ in that it requires such means.
   
list Transport Document
  Document evidencing a contract of carriage between a shipowner and a consignor, such as bill of lading, seawaybill or a multimodal transport document. (IMO)
See Shipping DocumentTwenty Foot Equivalent Unit
Abbreviation: TEU
Unit of measurement equivalent to one twenty foot container.
   
list TEU
  A twenty-foot equivalent unit (6.1m). A standard unit for counting containers of various lengths and for describing container ship or terminal capacity. A standard 40′ container (FEU) equals 2 TEUs.
   
list Type of Cargo
  An indication of the sort of cargo to be transported, (e.g. Break Bulk, Containerised, RoRo).
   
list Type of Movement
  Description of the service for movement of containers. 
   
  Note:The following type of movement can be indicated on B/L and Manifest all combinations of FCL and LCL and break bulk and RoRo. Whilst only on the manifest combinations of House, Yard and CFS can be mentioned.
   
list Type of Packing
  Description of the packaging material used to wrap, contain and protect goods to be transported.
list Ultimate Consignee
  Party who has been designated on the invoice or packing list as the final recipient of the stated merchandise.
   
list Unaccompanied Baggage
  Luggage not accompanied by a passenger.
   
list Unit Load
  A number of individual packages bonded, palletised or strapped together to form a single unit for more efficient handling by mechanical equipment.
   
list United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  Abbreviation: UNCTAD
A United Nations agency whose work in Shipping includes the liner code involving the sharing of cargoes between the Shipping lines of the importing and exporting countries and third countries in the ratio 40:40:20.
   
list United Nations Dangerous Goods Number
  Abbreviation: UNDG Number
The four-digit number assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to classify a substance or a particular groups of substances. 
   
  Note: The prefix ‘UN’ must always be used in conjunction with these numbers.
list Valuable Cargo
  A consignment which contains one or more valuable articles.
   
list Value Added Tax
  Abbreviation: VAT
A form of indirect sales tax paid on products and services at each stage of production or distribution, based on the value added at that stage and included in the cost to the ultimate customer.
   
list Vanning
  Buyer.
   
list Vendor
  Seller.
   
list Very Large Crude Carrier
  Abbreviation: VLCC
A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk with a loading capacity from 50.000 till 250.000 DWT.
   
list Vessel
  A floating structure designed for the transport of cargo and/or passengers
  Boiler, drum
   
list Volume
  Size or measure of anything in three dimensions.
   
list Volume Charge
  A charge for carriage of goods based on their volume (air cargo).
   
list Voyage
  A journey by sea from one port or country to another one or, in case of a round trip, to the same port.
   
list Voyage Charter
  A contract under which the shipowner agrees to carry an agreed quantity of cargo from a specified port or ports to another port or ports for a remuneration called freight, which is calculated according to the quantity of cargo loaded, or sometimes at a lumpsum freight.
   
list Voyage Number
  Reference number assigned by the carrier or his agent to the voyage of the vessel.
list War Risk Insurance
  Insurance issued by marine underwriters against war-like operations specifically described in the policy. In former times, war risk insurance was taken out only in times of war, but currently many exporters cover most of their shipments with war risk insurance as a protection against losses from derelict torpedoes and floating mines placed during former wars, and also as a safeguard against unforeseen warlike developments. In the U.S.A. , war risk insurance is written in a separate policy from the ordinary marine insurance; it is desirable to take out both policies with the same underwriter in order to avoid the ill effects of a possible dispute between underwriters as to the cause (marine peril or war peril) of a given loss.
   
list Warehousing
  Those activities of holding and handling goods in a warehouse (store).
   
list Warehouse-to-warehouse
  A clause in marine insurance policy whereby the underwriter agrees to cover the goods while in transit between the initial point of shipment and the point of destination with certain limitations, and also subject to the law of insurable interest. The warehouse-to-warehouse clause was once extremely important, but marine extension clauses now often override its provisions.
   
list Warsaw Convention
  The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw, 12 October 1929, or that Convention as amended by the Hague Protocol, 1955, stipulating obligations or parties and limitations and/or exonerations of carriers (air cargo).
   
list Waybill
  Non-negotiable document evidencing the contract for the transport of cargo.
   
list Weight Charge
  The charge for carriage of goods based on their weight (air cargo).
   
list Weight Load Factor
  Payload achieved as against available capacity, expressed as a percentage. Cargo is frequently limited by volume rather than weight; load factors of 100 percent are rarely achieved.
   
list Wharf
  A place for berthing vessels to facilitate loading and discharging of cargo.
   
list Wharfage
  The fee charged for the use of a wharf for mooring, loading or discharging a vessel or for storing goods.
   
list With Average (WA)
  A marine insurance term meaning that shipment is protected for partial damage whenever the damage exceeds a stated percentage.
   
list With Particular Average (WPA)
  An insurance term meaning that partial loss or damage of goods is insured. The damage generally must be caused by sea water, and many terms specify a minimum percentage of damage before payment. It may be extended to cover loss by theft, pilferage, leakage and breakage, or other perils depending on the nature of the cargo.
list X-ray
  High frequency electromagnetic ray of short wave-length, capable of penetrating most solid substances.
   
list X.25
  International standard of the CCITT for packet switching.
   
list X.400
  A CCITT recommendation designed to facilitate international message and information exchange between subscribers of computer based store-and-forward services and office information systems in association with public and private data networks.
   
list X.500
  The CCITT now ITU recommendations (ISO9594) for the structure of directories for the maintenance of addresses used in electronic mail.
   
list XML
  Extensible mark-up language is an official recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium as a successor of HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up language) it can be used to convey documents layout and contents from one computer application to another. XML is a subset of SGML.
   
list XML / EDI
  The exchange of structured information over the Internet using XML as the syntax.
list Yard
  Fenced off, outdoor storage and repair area.
   
list Yaw
  Variation of the course of a ship to port or starboard caused by the action of waves or wind.
   
list Yawl
  A vessel’s small boat moved by one oar
A small sailboat rigged fore-and-aft, with a short mizzenmast astern of the cockpit – distinguished from ketch
   
list Yield Bucket
  The remaining slot capacity for a trade/voyage in a certain port of loading after deduction of the allowance for specific contracts.
   
list Yield Management
  The process of maximising the contribution of every slot, vessel, trade and network. Basically it should be seen as the process of allocating the right type of capacity to the right kind of customer at the right price as to maximise revenue or yield. The concept should be used in combination with load factor management.
   
list York – Antwerp Rules
  There is a general average act when, and only when any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure.
list Zodiac
  A rubber dinghy. An inflatable craft for the transport of people.
Zone Area, belt or district extending about a certain point defined for transport and/or charge purpose.
   
list Zone Haulage Rate
  The rate for which the carrier will undertake the haulage of goods or containers between either the place of delivery and the carrier’s appropriate terminal. Such haulage will be undertaken only subject to the terms and conditions of the tariff and of the carrier’s Combined Transport Bill of Lading.
   
list Zone Improvement Plan
  Abbreviation: ZIP
System to simplify sorting and delivery of mail, consisting of a number of five digits (the so-called ZIP-code) for identification of the state, city or district, and the postal zone in the U.S.A. delivery areas.

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